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The study aimed to analyze the economics of producing red and yellow watermelon crops in Daraa Governorate. It was carried out in the selected villages affiliated with the administrative regions (Daraa Center, Al-Sanamayn, and Izraa), which were taken using a random sampling method. They numbered 38 villages, and 260 farmers were selected using a random sampling method from the aforementioned villages. The objectives of the study were achieved by relying on the application of a stepwise multiple linear regression model to determine the effect of a group of independent factors on the two dependent variables (the area cultivated with red and yellow watermelon crops), and to estimate their production costs and the economic return achieved, according to irrigation methods.
The partial budget model was also applied to enable partial substitution between the two crops in the study area, and a Likert scale was applied to enumerate the difficulties and problems facing farmers according to their point of view. The results of the analysis showed that there is a positive and significant correlation with a positive moral effect at the level of significance (0.01) between the independent factors (the farmer’s age and experience in producing the crop, his level of education, and the yield of the two watermelons and their selling price) and the first dependent factor, the area of red watermelons, and the second dependent factor, the area of red watermelons. There is a negative and significant correlation at the level of significance (0.01) between the independent workers (size of land holding and irrigated area) and the aforementioned dependent workers. The costs of producing red watermelon amounted to about 13,195.4 and 11,040 thousand SYP/ha for both red and yellow watermelon, respectively. The net profit of yellow watermelon increased by 990.7 thousand SYP/ha compared to red watermelon. The results of the analysis also showed that there were significant differences with There is statistical significance for both the total costs and the net profit of the red and yellow watermelon crops in the study area, and it shows that it is economically feasible to replace red watermelon with yellow watermelon. The study recommends securing production requirements, especially fuel, with the aim of reducing the production costs of the two crops in the study sample, and encouraging farmers to expand the cultivation of the yellow watermelon crop instead. Of the red watermelon crop, it is more profitable.
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