|
This research was carried out during the period 2021-2023 in the laboratories of Plant Protection Department and Renewable Natural Resources and Environment Department at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at Damascus University. In order to study the impact of the antifungal phenomenon of ethanolic extracts and volatile oils of the leaves and fruits of tanning sumac (Rhus coriaria) and maple negondo (Acer negundo) in inhibiting the growth of the fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium sp. isolated from wheat seeds and compared with Difenoconazole fungicide on PDA in the laboratory, in addition to study the effectiveness of ethanolic extracts and volatile oils of the leaves and fruits of tanning sumac and maple negundo to treat wheat seeds infected with Fusarium sp and Their impact on germination and growth of the seedlings planted in pots, and the toxicity of ethanolic extracts and volatile oils of the leaves and fruits of tanning sumac and maple negundo to treat the non-infectious wheat seeds on germination and growth of the seedlings planted in pots, The results showed that the ethanolic extracts and volatile oils of the two studied species gave significant inhibition to the growth of the studied fungi compared to the control. The ethanolic extract of Rhus coriaria fruit recorded the highest inhibition of the fungus A. flavus, reaching 100% at 12 µL/lm in medium. Followed by the sumac leaves ethanolic extract, the inhibition rate was 100% at 15 µL/lm. While the ethanolic extract of maple leaves gave a higher inhibition to growth studied fungus compared with the ethanolic extract of fruit, where gave 100% inhibition to A. flavus at a 20 µL/lm nutrient medium. The effect of ethanolic extracts in inhibiting fungal growth has increased with increased concentration. As for volatile oils, the volatile oils of Rhus coriaria fruit recorded the highest inhibiting to studied fungus growth in the nutrient medium. The inhibition rates for the three fungus were 100% at 2 µL/lm in the nutrient medium. The inhibition rate was 100% for the three fungus at 2.5 µL/lm nutrient medium of the volatile oil of leaves. A. flavus was the most sensitive for Rhus coriaria fruit and leaves extractors, with an inhibition rate of 100% and 96.12%, respectively at 1 µL/lm, While the effectiveness of volatile oil for maple leaves in inhibiting the growth of the three fungus compared to volatile oil for maple fruits was better and significant differences, where volatile oil of maple leaves gave inhibition ratios above 50% at 0.75, 0.5 and 1 µL/lm nutrient medium for each of the three fungus A. niger, A. flavus and Fusarium sp respectively. While the volatile oil of maple fruits gave a 50% inhibition at 1, 0.75 and 1 µL/lm nutrient medium for each of the three fungi A. niger, A. flavus and Fusarium sp. respectively. The inhibitory effect increased with increased concentration, and Difenoconazole fungicide gave a complete inhibition of the fungi studied at 120 ppm concentration. Aspergillus flavus was the most sensitive fungus followed by Aspergillus niger while Fusarium sp. was more resistant to plant extracts and volatile oils. The results also showed the effectiveness of treating wheat seeds with ethanolic extracts and volatile oils of sumac and maple negondo leaves and fruits infectious with Fusarium sp. in increasing germination ratios, the length of radical and vegetative total of wheat sprouts, and the concentration of Clorophyll A and B in leaves and with significant differences compared to the infectious control. While there was no significant difference in these indicators compared to the proper control. The ethanolic extracts and volatile oils of sumac fruits recorded the highest increase in germination ratios, the length of radical and vegetative totals of wheat sprouts and the concentration of Clorophyll A and B in leaves compared to other transactions. The ethanolic extract and the volatile oil of maple fruit gave no significant difference compared to the infectious control. ethanolic extracts and volatile oils for sumac and maple leaves and fruits did not show phytotoxicity to germination and growth of non-infectious wheat initiatives and did not give any significant differences of increase or decrease in germination ratios or growth indicators for initiatives. Thus, the ethanolic extracts of both Rhus coriaria and Acer negundo can be used in anti-fungus A. niger and A. flavus و Fusarium sp.
|
|
Keywords: Antifungal activity, wheat storage fungi, Rhus coriaria, Acer negundo, ethanolic extracts, volatile oils.
|
