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The research was carried out during 2020-2023 season at the Farm of at the Farm of Biological Control Studies and Reasearch Centre - College of Agriculture - Damascus, and in the laboratory of Field Crops Department and the laboratory of biotechnology , The study was carried out on fourteen genotypes of lentil and tow varieties Edlib3, Edlib4. under laboratory and field conditions, with the aim of evaluating the response of some studied lentil types to salinity stress at the level of young seedlings, using rapid laboratory screening technology. A field study was carried out on six genotypes (tolerant and susceptible) and tow tolerant varieties, based on the results of the laboratory study, in order to evaluate the results of the laboratory study and estimate the performance of the studied genotypes themselves in salinity stressed environments, depending on some devolopmental characteristics, physiological and Productive Traits which are genetically related to the tolerance trait. The genetic study was carried out to investigated the genetic diversity, and determine the genetic Relationship between the studied genotypes and the cultivated ones using the ISSR technique. and studied alleles varities of some salinity stress tolerant genes. Increasing the level of salinity stress in the growth solution caused a significant reduction in the average length of seedlings, which was significantly higher in the control treatment (18.33 cm) and decreased proportionally with increasing the salinity level in the growing media. The salinity stress level of 140 NaCl mM caused a reduction the seedling length estimated by 49.88% and reduction the length of the roots estimated by 49.58% compared with the control, thereby it could be considered as optimum lethal salinity level. The reduction percentage in the length of both roots and seedlings was significantly lower (9.86 and 10% respectively) at the induction salinity level of 50 NaCl mM compared with the other induction levels, so it is considered as the optimum induction level. The reduction percentage in the length of both roots and seedlings was significantly lower in the salinityally induced seedlings (27.82 and 19.13 %respectively), while it was significantly higher in the non-induced seedlings (59.13 and 50.43% respectively), indicating the importance of induction to enhance the tolerance capacity of lens seedlings to the lethal salinity stress levels. The lens genotypes (Idlib3, Idlib4, X2011s242-230-3, X2013-21-2, X2011s-110-23) are classified as highly salinity stress tolerant, while the genotypes (X2011s-130-1, X2013-126-54, X2011s59-20) are classified as highly susceptible genotypes, while the rest of genotypes classified as moderately susceptible to salinity stress. The Field eXperiment statistical analysis results showed that there were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between the studied genotypes, traits and interaction between them. X2013-21-2 genotype marked by early in days to germination (12.8 days) and early in days-to-heading (86 days), X2011s-242-230-3 genotype marked by early in days to poding (114 days), early in days to complete maturity (144.4 days). The average plant height was significantly higher for the genotypes X2011s242-230-3, X2013-21-2 (45.11, 41.2 cm respectively) without significant differences among them. The average first pod was significantly higher for the genotypes X2011s242-230-3, X2011s-110-23 (34.55, 33.74 cm respectively) without significant differences among them. The average number of main branches was significantly higher for the genotypes X2011s-130-1, X2013-126-54 (5.1, 5.163 branche. Plant-1 respectively) without significant differences among them. Idlib3 genotype marked by high relative water content (60.8%) and Low dry matter percentage (16.7%.( Salinity Susceptibility IndeX was significantly higher for the genotypes X2011s-59-20, X2011s-110-23, X2013-126-541.242،1.207) 1.115 respectively) without significant differences among them. And the concentration of the total soluble proteins was significantly higher for the genotype X201s-130-1(48.7). In the genetic study that was conducted to determine the degree of genetic kinship between the studied Lentil genotypes using ISSR technique, a total number of 14 primer were used for this purpose which had proved its effectiveness in giving polymorphisms among the studied genotypes, as they resulted 66 bands, the number of bands per primer pair ranged between tow as the lowest number of bands for (ISSR-37) and siX bands as the highest number of bands for (ISSR25, ISSR28, ISSR32) primer, with an average of 4.576 band per primer. The average polymorphisms percentage was 97.14%. The poly-morphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.3432 to 0.4998 with an average of 0.4650, as the used primers proved their ability to distinguish between the studied genotypes. It was found the percent agreement values (PAV) is 0.7546 among the two genotypes Idlib4 and X2011s-59-20 as the lowest value of PAV, which indicates that there is a variation of genetic relationship, while the highest value of PAV was 0.8657 between the two genotypes, Idlib3 and Idlib4 which indicates that they have a large genetic degree between them.Genetic kinship tree split into two main branches; the one branch included most studied genotypes while the second branche included the genotypes X2013-126-54، X2011s-59-20. In the study of salinity stress genes allelic variations, CuZn SODI gene was superior in the number of alleles it gave, amounting to 8 alleles with all the studied genotypes within one morphotype, followed by SOS3 gene with 6 alleles within one morphotypes, and Edlip4 and X2011s-242-230-3 genotypes had the largest number of alleles (6 alleles), followed by the Edlip3 genotype with 5 alleles, this indicates that they are more salinity stress tolerant genotypes, while the X2011s-110-23, X2013-126-54 genotypes had the least number of alleles (only three).
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