This research was carried out in Harfa village- Jabal Alsheikh- Damascus country side, and the molecular biology tests were carried out in microbiology laboratory- Faculty of Agriculture- Damascus university within the two growth seasons (2022-2023/ 2023-2024). This research aimed to evaluate the morphological diversity between six types of figs (ficus carica L.) Widespread in Harfa village, and to study the genetic diversity by using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat marker (ISSR). The results of morphological study by using 36 morphological indicators showed some morphological characteristics that can differ between the studied types. They allowed to differ between three types which gave secondary crop with the main crop (Khudairy, saidawi Kabir and saidawi sagheer), as well, the other types didn't give secondary crop, just only the main crop. The type (Halabloub) had triple cloves in the leaf, which was different from the other types leaves which were quintets. The type (Aswad) differed from the other types by having leaves with lyrical cloves what made it different from the other types leaves. The morphological similarity average was (0.69). Cluster analysis (UPGMA) showed separation of studied types into two main clusters, and three sub clusters at the value of similarity (31%). The cluster analysis separated most of the studied types depending on the shoots color, trunk texture, leaf area and cloves type, number, color, and fruit shape and weight. As for genetic study, 11 ISSR primers were used, 9 of them showed polymorphism. The polymorphism rate was 100%, with the average of 4 bands/primer, the bands number was 10.22 band/primer. ISSR technique showed effectiveness in distinction between the studied types. All the primers showed 100% polymorphism, the two primers (N6_ N8) gave the lowest number of bands (4 bands), as the primer (UBC840) gave the heighst number of bands (20 bands), while the primers (N7- UBC 864) didn't give any band. The total number of polymorphic bands was 92 bands. There were three unique bands distinguished the (Aswad) type, two of them were negative, and one was positive. The primer (UBC807) was the most primer that gave unique bands (2 bands), while the primer (UBC818) gave only one unique band. That refers to the high genetic diversity between the studied types. Genetic Cluster analysis depending on ISSR technique showed that Figs studied types were separated into two main clusters at 0.53 similarity, the first cluster contained (Saidawi kabir) only, with (0.69) genetic number, while the second cluster contained the other types, which separated into two sub clusters, the first sub cluster contained (Malaki, saidawi sagheer and Khudairy) types (0.38), Saidawi sagheer and Malaki had the heighst genetic relationship with 94%. While the other sub cluster contained (Halabloub and Aswad) types (0.34).
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