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The research aimed to analyze the economic and production efficiency of the grape crop under irrigated and rain-fed conditions in both Homs and Hama governorates, study the production costs and returns for this crop, determine the volumes that achieve economic efficiency and profit maximization, measure the level of technical efficiency and distributional efficiency, and identify the main production factors affecting technical efficiency. In addition to the economic and social characteristics and performance indicators of grape producers affecting technical inefficiency. The study was conducted based on a stratified random sample of (377) farmers drawn from the villages of the central region for the agricultural season (2018 - 2019). The research reached a set of results, the most prominent of which was that the average total costs of producing the irrigated grape crop amounted to (269,148.4) SYP/dunum, while the average profit achieved was (76451.5) SYP/ dunum, while the cost of 1 kg was (350.5) SYP, and the profitability factor compared to the invested capital was (28.4%). As for the rain-fed grape crop, the average total costs and average profit reached (115803.4, 41696.5) SYP/dunum, respectively, so that the cost per kilogram was estimated at about (257.3) SYP, and the profitability factor compared to the invested capital (36%), and thus The economic evaluation of grape production in the study area indicates that it is profitable during the period studied. The random frontier function was used by the maximum likelihood (ML) method to estimate technical efficiency and determine the factors affecting inefficiency. It was found that the production of the irrigated grape crop was affected by the variables (chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer and the amount of irrigation water), while its rain-fed counterpart was affected by the variables (chemical fertilizer). , organic fertilizer), as for the technical inefficiency model, it was significantly and negatively affected by both the farmer’s experience and the irrigation method at a significance level (5%), and thus positively on the technical efficiency of production. On the other hand, farmer experience and holding size had a negative effect at a significance level of (5%) in the inefficiency model in the case of rain-fed grapes. It became clear that the average technical efficiency of irrigated grape production farms in the study area reached (78%), while for rain-fed grapes (81%), that is, there is a decrease in efficiency of (19-22%), respectively, due to poor efficiency in using production inputs or as a result of the impact of Farmer and ranch characteristics. The marginal product method was also used to estimate distributional efficiency, as the production function was estimated using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method using stepwise regression for the variables affecting the production of this crop. The results showed that the farmers in the sample are still unable to achieve the maximum profit, since the level The distribution of inputs by them is suboptimal. They can increase the investment of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and irrigation water in irrigated vineyards, and chemical and organic fertilizer in rain-fed vineyards - according to available capabilities - to the extent that the value of the marginal output equals the marginal cost of those inputs. Using econometric models of the production cost function, the achieved volume of economic efficiency was calculated and determined, which amounted to (5611.3, 8387.2) kg for irrigated and rain-fed grapes, respectively. As for the profit-maximizing production, it amounted to (6193.7, 8914.3) kg for irrigated and rain-fed grapes, respectively, while the actual production amounted to (4377.6). (6795) kg for irrigated and rain-fed grapes, respectively. By comparing these sizes with the average actual production of the studied area, it was found that it is much less than the maximum profit size, and relatively less than the optimal size.
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