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The grape moth, Lobesia botrana, is one of the important insect pests in grape fields, which causes damage to trees, leading to an economic loss of the resulting crop. This study aimed to find out the factors affecting the development of this pest thus develop a comprehensive program to manage this pest within the integrated pest management program in grape fields in Damascus Countryside in Syria. This study was conducted during the two years, 2021-2022 as part of a work plan that included two parts: field work and laboratory work. Field work was carried out in four sites planted with grape vines in Ras al-Maraa - Yabrud – Damascus Countryside, Which are (Safl al-Saroot, Shubat Freij, al-Dawar, Thom Ainah). Regular periodic tours were conducted to these sites, including direct field readings and taking field samples according to the stages of the study. Laboratory work was carried out in the laboratories of the National Commission for Biotechnology in Damascus. Field results, based on the use of pheromone traps to monitor the seasonal flight of male grape moths during the 2021-2022 seasons, showed precise determination of the beginning, end, and peak of flight, it was found that the insect has two generations: the first generation, the sour generation, and the second generation, the Coprophagous generation, as the first generation appeared in the second week of July, in accordance with the maturity of the fruits, during the two years of the study, while the date of the emergence of the second generation was in late August. It was found that the temperature and prevailing conditions of the region, including the amount of rainfall, height above sea level, and the plant host, are important factors for insect’s appearance. Accordingly, it spends its pupa phase in a virgin form within cracks in the soil or in the bark of the vine. As for the location, it has an important role in determining the percentage of infestation. Al-Dawar area had the highest average percentage of infection, reaching about 14.203%, then 11.735% in Safl Al-Sarout area, followed by Thom Ainah area, about 11.5%, while the lowest was in the Shu'bah Freij area, which was 11.221%. As was identified in this study, the accompanying insect pests and biological enemies spread in each orchard, and the most important biological enemies accompanying the grape moth are the predators Coccinella septempunctata, Chrysopa prasina, Forficula auricularia, in addition to ants, which played an important role in reducing the number of the pest in the study sites. As for the parasites, Campoplex capitator was found in Sel al-Sarut region, and it was widespread compared to the following sites, and the parasite Trichogramma spp was found in an area, Thom Ainah, then followed by Shubat Freij. A fluorescence study of the types of herbs spread within the vineyards in the study sites showed that the herbaceous vegetation consists of many plant species belonging to several plant families, as their presence and distribution rates vary in each orchard, depending on the technical conditions of each orchard. The Chi-square test showed that there were significant differences between the infection rate, the total number of biological infections, the number of predators, and the percentage of parasitism in the studied sites. These variables were not independent and had an effect on the percentage of infection with the grape moth. The chi-square test also showed a correlation between the study sites and the pests spread in them. The study area had a very large biological diversity, and this affected the preservation of vital enemies, and this plays a role in preserving and protecting it from biological enemies. It was found that there is a moral correlation between the biological enemies and is inversely proportional. With grape moth numbers
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